From sandstone to sapphire.

187 reference entries for everyday rocks, mineral species, families and varieties—including selenite and vivianite. Research links cover all 50 states. The linked occurrence inventory is still incomplete; this is not a list of every mineral in each state.

Occurrence does not mean permission to collect. State results use linked published occurrences and reported locality materials, not supplied gem buckets. A missing entry means our evidence is incomplete—not that the mineral is absent. Broad family matches do not establish an exact variety.

187 matching entries

Sedimentary rocks

Sandstone

Cemented sand-sized grains; may show bedding. Color alone is not diagnostic.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: arenite, arkose, greywacke, flagstone

Can resemble: Quartzite or Siltstone

1 occurrence references · Arizona

Arizona: Mexican Tank community sandstone site
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Sedimentary rocks

Limestone

Carbonate rock, sometimes containing shells, fossils or rounded ooids.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: oolitic limestone, fossiliferous limestone

Can resemble: Dolostone or Marble

1 occurrence references · California

California: Chambless Rock Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Sedimentary rocks

Dolostone

Rock composed mainly of dolomite; visual separation from limestone is difficult.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: dolomite rock

Can resemble: Limestone or Marble

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Sedimentary rocks

Chert

Very fine silica with waxy luster and curved fractures. Flint is a commonly used name for certain cherts.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Chert / flint · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Related names and varieties: novaculite, mozarkite, bedded chert, nodular chert

Can resemble: Jasper or Flint

2 occurrence references · Missouri

Missouri: Mark Twain National Forest — Potosi District
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Missouri: Mark Twain National Forest — Eleven Point District
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Sedimentary rocks

Flint

A variety of chert, often dark nodules in chalk or limestone. A photo usually cannot establish its geographic variety.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Chert / flint · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Related names and varieties: flint ridge flint, burlington chert, keokuk chert

Can resemble: Chert or Obsidian

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Granite

Visible interlocking quartz and feldspar crystals, often with dark mica.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Diorite or Gneiss

1 occurrence references · Colorado

Colorado: Pike–San Isabel National Forests
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Igneous rocks

Basalt

Usually dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, sometimes containing bubbles or olivine.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Andesite or Slag

1 occurrence references · Hawaii

Hawaii: Kīlauea Iki — geological observation
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Igneous rocks

Rhyolite

Fine-grained silica-rich volcanic rock, sometimes with bands or larger crystals.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Jasper or Andesite

2 occurrence references · Utah, Nevada

Utah: Topaz Mountain Rockhound Recreation Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Nevada: Garnet Hill
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Igneous rocks

Obsidian

Natural volcanic glass with curved fractures; sharp edges can cut skin.

Obsidian reference specimen
Rough reference specimen; obsidian color and translucency vary.James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: rainbow obsidian, mahogany obsidian, snowflake obsidian, apache tears, volcanic glass

Can resemble: Slag or Flint

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Pegmatite

Exceptionally coarse crystalline rock; many granitic examples contain quartz, feldspar and mica.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Granite or Gneiss

1 occurrence references · Colorado

Colorado: Pike–San Isabel National Forests
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Metamorphic rocks

Quartzite

Fused quartz-rich rock derived from sandstone; grains are tightly interlocked.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Sandstone or Marble

1 occurrence references · Wisconsin

Wisconsin: Quartz Hill — surface specimens only
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Quartz

Glassy mineral that commonly forms six-sided prisms; color varieties share the same mineral identity.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Quartz · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Related names and varieties: rock crystal, milky quartz, smoky quartz, rose quartz, terminated quartz, herkimer diamond, drusy quartz

Can resemble: Calcite or Topaz

14 occurrence references · Connecticut, Wisconsin, Maine, New Hampshire, Missouri, Colorado, Utah, California, Alaska, Montana

Connecticut: Case Quarries — permitted group visits
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Wisconsin: Quartz Hill — surface specimens only
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Maine: Lord Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

New Hampshire: Moat Mountain Mineral Site
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Missouri: Sheffler Rock Shop & Geode Mine
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Missouri: Mark Twain National Forest — Potosi District
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Colorado: Pike–San Isabel National Forests
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Colorado: Rio Grande National Forest
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Maine: Deer Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Utah: Topaz Mountain Rockhound Recreation Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Utah: Dugway Geode Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

California: Wiley Well District Geode Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Alaska: Independence Mine State Historical Park
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Montana: Libby Creek Recreational Gold Panning Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Amethyst

Purple quartz; lighting, coatings and glass can mislead a photo identification.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Amethyst · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Can resemble: Fluorite or Glass

2 occurrence references · Maine, Utah

Maine: Deer Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Utah: Dugway Geode Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Chalcedony

Fine-grained silica, often translucent with a waxy luster.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Opal or Calcite

6 occurrence references · New Mexico, California, Missouri, Arizona, Utah

New Mexico: Rockhound State Park — main unit
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

California: Savahia Peak chalcedony wash
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Missouri: Sheffler Rock Shop & Geode Mine
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Arizona: Black Hills Rockhound Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Utah: Dugway Geode Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

California: Wiley Well District Geode Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Agate

Chalcedony commonly showing bands or patterned inclusions; trade varieties need context.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Agate · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Related names and varieties: moss agate, plume agate, dendritic agate, fire agate, lake superior agate, fairburn agate

Can resemble: Jasper or Chert

6 occurrence references · Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Colorado, Arizona, California

Minnesota: Soo Line Pit — chamber agate permit
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Nebraska: Oglala National Grassland — surface rock search
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

South Dakota: French Creek access to Fairburn Agate Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Colorado: Rio Grande National Forest
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Arizona: Black Hills Rockhound Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

California: Wiley Well District Geode Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Jasper

Opaque patterned silica; trade names frequently describe appearance rather than a separate mineral.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Jasper · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Can resemble: Chert or Rhyolite

2 occurrence references · New Mexico, Colorado

New Mexico: Rockhound State Park — main unit
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Colorado: Rio Grande National Forest
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Opal

Hydrated silica, ranging from common opaque material to precious play-of-color.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: common opal, precious opal, fire opal

Can resemble: Chalcedony or Glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Feldspar

Common rock-forming mineral group with two prominent cleavage directions.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: orthoclase, microcline, plagioclase, amazonite, moonstone, labradorite, sunstone

Can resemble: Quartz or Calcite

5 occurrence references · Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon, Colorado

Maine: Lord Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

New Hampshire: Moat Mountain Mineral Site
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Oregon: Oregon Sunstone Public Collection Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Colorado: Pike–San Isabel National Forests
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Maine: Deer Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Calcite

Common carbonate mineral with rhombohedral cleavage; many colors and habits.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Calcite · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Can resemble: Quartz or Dolomite

1 occurrence references · Missouri

Missouri: Sheffler Rock Shop & Geode Mine
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Dolomite

Carbonate mineral, often pale rhombohedral crystals; differs from dolostone, the rock.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Calcite or Quartz

2 occurrence references · Missouri

Missouri: Mark Twain National Forest — Potosi District
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Missouri: Mark Twain National Forest — Eleven Point District
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Fluorite

Variable colors, commonly cubic crystals; color alone does not distinguish it.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Fluorite · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Can resemble: Amethyst or Calcite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Gypsum

Soft sulfate mineral; transparent crystals are often called selenite.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Gypsum species reference — Mindat ↗

Related names and varieties: selenite, satin spar, alabaster

Can resemble: Calcite or Quartz

4 occurrence references · Oklahoma, Utah, New Mexico

Oklahoma: Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge — crystal dig
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Utah: South Wash, Wayne County
published occurrence. Species occurrence only; gypsum variety and collecting access are not established by this reference.
MSA Handbook of Mineralogy — gypsum ↗

Oklahoma: Great Salt Plains, Alfalfa County
published occurrence. Occurrence evidence; consult the refuge listing for current digging rules and season.
MSA Handbook of Mineralogy — gypsum ↗

New Mexico: Lechuguilla Cave, Carlsbad Caverns
published occurrence. Protected cave occurrence, not a collecting destination. No digging permission is implied.
MSA Handbook of Mineralogy — gypsum ↗

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Minerals & gems

Garnet

Crystal group often forming equant many-faced crystals; not all garnets are red.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Garnet · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Related names and varieties: almandine, spessartine, grossular, pyrope, andradite, uvarovite

Can resemble: Ruby or Spinel

5 occurrence references · Massachusetts, Maine, Nevada, California

Massachusetts: Betts Mine at Earthdance
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Maine: Lord Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Maine: Deer Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Nevada: Garnet Hill
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

California: Chambless Rock Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Ruby

Red corundum. Photos cannot establish authenticity, treatment or gem value.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Ruby · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Related names and varieties: rubies

Can resemble: Garnet or Spinel

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Sapphire

Gem corundum in colors other than ruby red; blue is familiar but not universal.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗
As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Sapphire · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Can resemble: Spinel or Quartz

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Beryl

Commonly hexagonal crystals; includes aquamarine and emerald varieties.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: aquamarine, morganite, heliodor, red beryl

Can resemble: Quartz or Tourmaline

1 occurrence references · Maine

Maine: Deer Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Topaz

Often prismatic, glassy crystals; clear examples resemble quartz.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Quartz or Beryl

2 occurrence references · Maine, Utah

Maine: Lord Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Utah: Topaz Mountain Rockhound Recreation Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Olivine

Greenish silicate grains common in some volcanic rocks; gem-quality olivine is peridot.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: peridot

Can resemble: Epidote or Glass

1 occurrence references · Hawaii

Hawaii: Kīlauea Iki — geological observation
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Pyrite

Brassy metallic mineral, often cubic crystals; commonly confused with gold.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Gold or Chalcopyrite

1 occurrence references · Massachusetts

Massachusetts: Betts Mine at Earthdance
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Gold

Yellow native metal; reflective mica and sulfide minerals can imitate it in photographs.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: placer gold, gold-bearing quartz

Can resemble: Pyrite or Mica

4 occurrence references · Alaska, Montana

Alaska: Nome Creek Public Panning Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Alaska: Jack Wade Creek Public Panning Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Alaska: Independence Mine State Historical Park
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

Montana: Libby Creek Recreational Gold Panning Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Hematite

Iron oxide with varied metallic, earthy or botryoidal forms.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Magnetite or Ironstone

1 occurrence references · California

California: Chambless Rock Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Magnetite

Dark iron oxide, typically strongly magnetic; magnetism alone does not prove a meteorite.

Reference photo being sourcedBrowse licensed specimen images ↗

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Hematite or Slag

1 occurrence references · California

California: Chambless Rock Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

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Minerals & gems

Turquoise

Opaque blue-green phosphate; dyed substitutes are common.

Turquoise reference specimen
Rough Arizona turquoise reference material.W. Carter · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Dyed howlite or Chrysocolla

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Organic & fossil materials

Amber

Fossilized tree resin ranging from pale yellow to brown, red or rarely blue-green effects. Copal and plastic are common look-alikes.

Amber reference specimen
Baltic amber reference specimen.James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: fossil resin

Can resemble: Copal or Plastic or Glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Meteorites & impact materials

Meteorite

A natural object from space that survived passage through the atmosphere. Most suspected finds are terrestrial rocks or slag and require expert verification.

Meteorite reference specimen
Chondrite museum specimen; most dark magnetic rocks are not meteorites.Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: meteorites, meteoritic material

Can resemble: Slag or Magnetite or Hematite

2 occurrence references · Arizona, California

Arizona: Franconia meteorite recovery area — BLM parcel check
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

California: Lucerne Dry Lake meteorite recovery area — BLM parcel check
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Jade

Gem name for nephrite or jadeite; many other green rocks are sold under similar names.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: nephrite, jadeite

Can resemble: Serpentinite or Quartzite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Rhodonite

Pink manganese silicate, often with dark veins.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Rhodochrosite or Rose quartz

1 occurrence references · Massachusetts

Massachusetts: Betts Mine at Earthdance
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Rhodochrosite

Pink manganese carbonate, often banded or rhombohedral.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Rhodonite or Calcite

1 occurrence references · Massachusetts

Massachusetts: Betts Mine at Earthdance
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Staurolite

Brown metamorphic mineral sometimes forming cross-shaped twins.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: fairy stones

Can resemble: Garnet or Ironstone

1 occurrence references · Virginia

Virginia: Fairy Stone State Park — designated hunt area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Epidote

Often pistachio-green crystals or granular masses.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Olivine or Tourmaline

1 occurrence references · California

California: Chambless Rock Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Vivianite

Soft hydrated iron phosphate, often blue to blue-green in prismatic or flattened crystals. Color may darken with oxidation; handle gently. A photograph alone cannot confirm it.

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As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Vivianite · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Vivianite mineral reference — Mindat / Hudson Institute of Mineralogy ↗

Related names and varieties: vivian crystals

Can resemble: Fluorite or Apatite or Tourmaline

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Fossils & structures

Petrified wood

Mineral-replaced wood preserving grain, rings or cellular structure.

Petrified wood reference specimen
Petrified wood reference showing preserved woody pattern.Jon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: agatized wood, opalized wood, palmoxylon, petrified palmwood

Can resemble: Banded chert or Ironstone

1 occurrence references · Colorado

Colorado: Rio Grande National Forest
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Fossils & structures

Geode

A cavity-bearing rock, commonly with a crystal-lined interior; not a mineral species.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Concretion or Thunderegg

3 occurrence references · Missouri, Utah, California

Missouri: Sheffler Rock Shop & Geode Mine
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Utah: Dugway Geode Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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California: Wiley Well District Geode Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Fossils & structures

Concretion

A cemented sedimentary nodule, sometimes containing fossils; not always hollow.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Geode or Ironstone

1 occurrence references · Illinois

Illinois: Mazonia-Braidwood fossil collecting area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Selenite

Related mineral / family: Gypsum

Transparent crystalline gypsum. Satin spar is the fibrous, silky variety often sold under the same name.

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As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Selenite · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Selenite variety reference — Mindat ↗

Can resemble: Calcite or Quartz

1 occurrence references · Oklahoma

Oklahoma: Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge — crystal dig
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Satin spar gypsum

Related mineral / family: Gypsum

Fibrous gypsum with a silky shine. A shop label saying selenite may refer to this variety.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Selenite or Fibrous calcite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Alabaster gypsum

Related mineral / family: Gypsum

Fine-grained, massive gypsum used for carving; the trade name alabaster is also used for some calcite materials.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Calcite or Marble

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Desert rose gypsum

Related mineral / family: Gypsum

Rosette-shaped gypsum aggregates containing sand; barite can also form desert roses.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Barite rose

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Smoky quartz

Related mineral / family: Quartz

Brown to gray quartz; a photo does not establish whether its color is natural or treated.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Topaz or Glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Rose quartz

Related mineral / family: Quartz

Pink quartz, commonly massive rather than sharply crystallized.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Calcite or Glass

1 occurrence references · Utah

Utah: Dugway Geode Beds
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Milky quartz

Related mineral / family: Quartz

White cloudy quartz, commonly colored by microscopic inclusions.

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As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Quartz · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Feldspar or Calcite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Rock crystal

Related mineral / family: Quartz

Colorless transparent quartz; not a diamond despite some locality trade names.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Topaz or Glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Amazonite

Related mineral / family: Feldspar

Blue-green microcline feldspar. Trade names do not establish locality.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Turquoise or Chrysocolla

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Moonstone

Related mineral / family: Feldspar

Feldspar exhibiting a floating optical sheen. Mineral composition varies with the material sold under this gem name.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Opal or Glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Labradorite

Related mineral / family: Feldspar

Plagioclase feldspar, sometimes showing vivid flashes of color as it turns.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other feldspar or Glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Sunstone

Related mineral / family: Feldspar

A feldspar gem name; some examples show reflective inclusions. Oregon sunstone is a particular material and locality association.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other feldspar or Glass

1 occurrence references · Oregon

Oregon: Oregon Sunstone Public Collection Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Aquamarine

Related mineral / family: Beryl

Blue to blue-green beryl. A photo cannot confirm gem quality or treatment.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Topaz or Quartz

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Morganite

Related mineral / family: Beryl

Pink to peach beryl. Color alone cannot establish identity.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Rose quartz or Tourmaline

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Heliodor

Related mineral / family: Beryl

Yellow to yellow-green beryl. Identification requires more than color.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Citrine or Topaz

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Red beryl

Related mineral / family: Beryl

Rare red beryl; distinct from ruby, which is corundum.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Ruby or Tourmaline

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Peridot

Related mineral / family: Olivine

Gem-quality olivine, typically yellow-green to green.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Green glass or Epidote

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Almandine

Related mineral / family: Garnet

An iron-rich garnet species commonly dark red to brown.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other garnet or Ruby

1 occurrence references · Nevada

Nevada: Garnet Hill
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Spessartine

Related mineral / family: Garnet

A manganese-rich garnet species, often orange to reddish brown.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other garnet or Zircon

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Grossular

Related mineral / family: Garnet

A calcium-rich garnet species with varied colors.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other garnet or Vesuvianite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Pyrope

Related mineral / family: Garnet

A magnesium-rich garnet species; natural garnets commonly have mixed compositions.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Almandine or Ruby

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Andradite

Related mineral / family: Garnet

A calcium-iron garnet species, with green, brown or dark varieties.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Grossular or Epidote

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Uvarovite

Related mineral / family: Garnet

A chromium-bearing garnet species often found as small green crystals.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other garnet or Diopside

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Muscovite

Related mineral / family: Mica

Light-colored mica that separates into thin flexible sheets.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other mica or Gypsum

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Biotite group

Related mineral / family: Mica

Dark mica group name, not a single uniquely defined mineral species.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Hornblende or Other mica

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Lepidolite mica

Related mineral / family: Mica

A name used for lithium-rich micas, often lilac or pink; modern species classification needs composition.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Muscovite or Pink feldspar

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Schorl

Related mineral / family: Tourmaline

A commonly black tourmaline species; visible striations may help recognition.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Hornblende or Black garnet

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Elbaite

Related mineral / family: Tourmaline

A lithium-bearing tourmaline species with a wide range of colors.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other tourmaline or Beryl

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Nephrite

Related mineral / family: Jade

One of the two materials called jade; it is a tough aggregate of amphibole minerals.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Serpentinite or Quartzite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Jadeite

Related mineral / family: Jade

The pyroxene mineral that forms the other principal jade material.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Nephrite or Serpentinite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Benitoite

A blue barium titanium silicate associated with California; color and triangular habit are clues, not proof.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Sapphire or Quartz

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Thomsonite

A zeolite-group mineral, sometimes occurring as patterned rounded aggregates in volcanic rocks.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other zeolites or Agate

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Prehnite

Often pale green, rounded or crystalline calcium-aluminum silicate.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Chalcedony or Calcite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Willemite

A zinc silicate; some specimens fluoresce green, but fluorescence alone is not diagnostic.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Calcite or Other fluorescent minerals

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Franklinite

A dark zinc-bearing oxide with spinel structure; commonly associated with New Jersey zinc deposits.

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Can resemble: Magnetite or Spinel

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Zincite

A zinc oxide mineral; brightly colored commercial crystals can be synthetic or industrial.

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Can resemble: Garnet or Industrial crystals

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Wulfenite

Lead molybdate, often thin square crystals in yellow or orange shades. Avoid dust and wash hands.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Barite or Vanadinite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Vanadinite

A lead vanadate, often red-brown hexagonal crystals. Avoid dust and wash hands.

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Can resemble: Apatite or Wulfenite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Anhydrite

Calcium sulfate without the water of crystallization found in gypsum.

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Can resemble: Gypsum or Calcite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Siderite

An iron carbonate, often brown rhombohedral crystals or rounded masses.

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Can resemble: Calcite or Dolomite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Goethite

Iron oxyhydroxide with earthy, fibrous or rounded forms; visual appearance varies widely.

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Can resemble: Hematite or Ironstone

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Bornite

Copper-iron sulfide often showing colorful tarnish; peacock-ore labels can also mean treated chalcopyrite.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Chalcopyrite or Slag

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Marcasite

Iron sulfide with a different crystal structure from pyrite; delicate aggregates may deteriorate.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Pyrite or Other sulfides

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Copper

Native copper can show metallic reddish surfaces and green alteration products.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Iron-stained metal or Slag

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Silver

Native silver commonly tarnishes; a photo cannot confirm purity or metal value.

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Can resemble: Galena or Industrial metal

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Sulfur

Native sulfur is commonly yellow, but yellow color by itself is not diagnostic.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Calcite or Industrial material

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Graphite

Soft carbon mineral with a metallic to dull gray appearance. Avoid creating or breathing dust.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Molybdenite or Coal

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Zircon

Zirconium silicate, often small crystals with tetragonal forms; not the synthetic material cubic zirconia.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Garnet or Topaz

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Rutile

Titanium dioxide, often reddish or brown prismatic crystals or needles in quartz.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Tourmaline or Goethite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Brookite

Titanium dioxide with a crystal structure different from rutile and anatase.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Rutile or Iron oxides

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Anatase

Titanium dioxide, sometimes found as small sharply pointed crystals.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Rutile or Magnetite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Spinel

An oxide mineral with varied colors, sometimes confused with ruby or sapphire.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Corundum or Garnet

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Spodumene

A lithium pyroxene; gem varieties include pink kunzite and green hiddenite.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Beryl or Tourmaline

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Sillimanite

An aluminum silicate, sometimes fibrous or slender crystals. Do not crush unidentified fibrous samples.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Kyanite or Andalusite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Andalusite

An aluminum silicate; chiastolite is a cross-patterned variety.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Staurolite or Sillimanite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Vesuvianite

A calcium-aluminum silicate often associated with metamorphosed carbonate rocks.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Grossular or Epidote

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Talc

A very soft magnesium silicate. Do not use unknown specimens as cosmetic powder or create dust.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Gypsum or Serpentine

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Kaolinite

A clay mineral; exact identification of clay species usually requires laboratory methods.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Other clays or Gypsum

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Stilbite group

Zeolite minerals commonly forming sheaf-like or bladed aggregates. Species-level identification may require analysis.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Heulandite or Gypsum

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Heulandite group

Zeolite group with varied colors and tabular crystals; composition determines species.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Stilbite or Calcite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Natrolite

A zeolite that often forms slender needles or radiating sprays.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Scolecite or Other zeolites

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Chabazite group

Zeolite group often forming nearly rhombohedral crystals. Species determination needs more than a photograph.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Calcite or Other zeolites

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Chromite

A dark chromium-bearing spinel-group mineral; visible appearance alone is rarely sufficient.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Magnetite or Franklinite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Scheelite

Calcium tungstate; some specimens fluoresce, but color under a lamp is not proof of identity.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

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Can resemble: Calcite or Fluorite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Phenakite

Beryllium silicate, sometimes clear crystals that resemble quartz.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Quartz or Topaz

1 occurrence references · Maine

Maine: Lord Hill Mineral Collecting Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Bobierrite

A hydrated magnesium phosphate; pale crystalline material can resemble other phosphates.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Mineralogical Society of America — mineral reference index ↗

Can resemble: Vivianite or Gypsum

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Black obsidian

Related mineral / family: Obsidian

The common dark form of volcanic glass; thin edges may appear brown or gray when backlit.

Black obsidian reference specimen
Rough reference specimen; obsidian color and translucency vary.James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Industrial glass or Slag

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Snowflake obsidian

Related mineral / family: Obsidian

Obsidian containing pale radiating cristobalite spherulites that resemble snowflakes.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Spherulitic rhyolite or Patterned glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Mahogany obsidian

Related mineral / family: Obsidian

Black volcanic glass patterned with reddish-brown iron-rich areas.

Mahogany obsidian reference specimen
Mahogany-patterned obsidian reference specimen.Mariana J. Espinoza · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Brecciated jasper or Slag

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Rainbow obsidian

Related mineral / family: Obsidian

Obsidian showing colored internal sheen caused by microscopic structures; the effect depends on viewing angle.

Rainbow obsidian reference specimen
Rainbow-sheen obsidian under favorable lighting.James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Iridescent glass or Sheen obsidian

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Fire obsidian

Related mineral / family: Obsidian

A rare Oregon-associated obsidian displaying thin, vivid spectral color layers when correctly oriented and polished.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: flame obsidian

Can resemble: Rainbow obsidian or Iridescent glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Flame obsidian

Related mineral / family: Obsidian

A trade or pattern name generally used for flame-like colored or contrasting bands; it is not a separate mineral species and seller usage varies.

Flame obsidian reference specimen
Rainbow-sheen obsidian under favorable lighting.James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Fire obsidian or Banded obsidian

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Gold-sheen obsidian

Related mineral / family: Obsidian

Obsidian with a golden reflective sheen produced by aligned microscopic inclusions or bubbles.

Gold-sheen obsidian reference specimen
Rainbow-sheen obsidian under favorable lighting.James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: gold sheen obsidian

Can resemble: Silver-sheen obsidian or Metallic glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Silver-sheen obsidian

Related mineral / family: Obsidian

Obsidian with a silvery internal reflection visible at favorable angles.

Silver-sheen obsidian reference specimen
Rainbow-sheen obsidian under favorable lighting.James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: silver sheen obsidian

Can resemble: Gold-sheen obsidian or Metallic glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Igneous rocks

Apache tear

Related mineral / family: Obsidian

Rounded to subrounded obsidian nodules, commonly translucent brown at thin edges.

Apache tear reference specimen
Rounded obsidian nodule commonly called an Apache tear.Snorchard · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: apache tears, marekanite

Can resemble: Tektite or Industrial glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Moss agate

Related mineral / family: Agate

Translucent chalcedony with branching or moss-like mineral inclusions; it usually lacks classic agate banding.

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As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Agate · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Can resemble: Dendritic opal or Included glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Plume agate

Related mineral / family: Agate

Agate or chalcedony with feather-, cloud- or plume-shaped inclusions.

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As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Agate · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Can resemble: Moss agate or Sagenitic agate

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Fire agate

Related mineral / family: Agate

Layered chalcedony with iridescent colors caused by thin iron-oxide layers.

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As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Agate · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Can resemble: Precious opal or Iridescent glass

1 occurrence references · Arizona

Arizona: Black Hills Rockhound Area
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Minerals & gems

Fortification agate

Related mineral / family: Agate

Agate with angular nested bands resembling fortress walls on a map.

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As found · in the mudCleaned · still rough
Agate · illustrative example. Not a verified find or a guaranteed appearance. Dirt, staining and natural variation can hide identifying features. Cleaning does not create crystal faces or polish.

Identify the material before cleaning. These pictures are not cleaning instructions; delicate minerals may be damaged by water, scrubbing or chemicals.

Can resemble: Banded chert or Lace agate

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Precious opal

Related mineral / family: Opal

Opal displaying play-of-color. Stability and water content vary by deposit.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Iridescent glass or Synthetic opal

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Common opal

Related mineral / family: Opal

Opal without play-of-color; may be opaque or translucent and occur in many colors.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: potch

Can resemble: Chalcedony or Glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Fire opal

Related mineral / family: Opal

Transparent to translucent yellow, orange or red body-color opal, with or without play-of-color.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Carnelian or Glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Natural turquoise

Related mineral / family: Turquoise

Turquoise that has not been impregnated or reconstructed; appearance alone cannot establish treatment.

Natural turquoise reference specimen
Rough Arizona turquoise; a photograph cannot establish treatment.W. Carter · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Stabilized turquoise or Dyed howlite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Stabilized turquoise

Related mineral / family: Turquoise

Natural turquoise impregnated with resin for durability. This is a treatment category, not a different mineral.

Stabilized turquoise reference specimen
Rough Arizona turquoise reference material.W. Carter · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Natural turquoise or Reconstituted turquoise

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Minerals & gems

Matrix turquoise

Related mineral / family: Turquoise

Turquoise retaining visible host-rock or vein matrix; named mine patterns require provenance.

Matrix turquoise reference specimen
Rough Arizona turquoise reference material.W. Carter · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Chrysocolla in matrix or Dyed composite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Meteorites & impact materials

Chondrite

Related mineral / family: Meteorite

A stony meteorite containing chondrules or related primitive components; ordinary chondrites are the most commonly recovered meteorite group.

Chondrite reference specimen
Chondrite museum specimen.Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: ordinary chondrite

Can resemble: Terrestrial basalt or Slag

2 occurrence references · Arizona, California

Arizona: Franconia meteorite recovery area — BLM parcel check
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
Catalog locality source ↗

California: Lucerne Dry Lake meteorite recovery area — BLM parcel check
reported locality. Reported material at this locality; this is not a complete state inventory or a guarantee of finds. Check the listing for access rules.
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Meteorites & impact materials

Achondrite

Related mineral / family: Meteorite

A stony meteorite lacking chondrules and formed through melting or differentiation of its parent body.

Achondrite reference specimen
Chondrite museum specimen; most dark magnetic rocks are not meteorites.Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Terrestrial igneous rock or Slag

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Meteorites & impact materials

Iron meteorite

Related mineral / family: Meteorite

Meteorite composed predominantly of iron-nickel metal. Rust, density and magnetism are clues but not proof.

Iron meteorite reference specimen
Iron meteorite museum specimen.Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: iron meteorites

Can resemble: Industrial iron or Magnetite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Meteorites & impact materials

Stony-iron meteorite

Related mineral / family: Meteorite

Meteorite containing substantial silicate and iron-nickel metal portions.

Stony-iron meteorite reference specimen
Chondrite museum specimen; most dark magnetic rocks are not meteorites.Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: stony iron meteorite

Can resemble: Slag or Metal-rich terrestrial rock

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Meteorites & impact materials

Pallasite

Related mineral / family: Stony-iron meteorite

A stony-iron meteorite group containing olivine crystals in iron-nickel metal.

Pallasite reference specimen
Chondrite museum specimen; most dark magnetic rocks are not meteorites.Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Olivine-bearing slag or Manufactured composite

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Meteorites & impact materials

Mesosiderite

Related mineral / family: Stony-iron meteorite

A brecciated stony-iron meteorite group with silicate fragments mixed with iron-nickel metal.

Mesosiderite reference specimen
Chondrite museum specimen; most dark magnetic rocks are not meteorites.Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Can resemble: Industrial slag or Terrestrial breccia

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Meteorites & impact materials

Tektite

Related mineral / family: Impact material

Natural glass formed from terrestrial material ejected by a meteorite impact; a tektite is not itself a meteorite.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: tektites

Can resemble: Obsidian or Industrial glass

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Meteorites & impact materials

Impactite

Related mineral / family: Impact material

A broad name for rocks created or modified by meteorite impact processes.

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As-found / cleaned comparison not yet available for this material.

Related names and varieties: impactites

Can resemble: Volcanic breccia or Slag

No linked local occurrence yet. This reference is available for research; no state or collecting permission is inferred.

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Geology references

NPS rock and mineral introduction ↗USGS Cooperative National Geologic Map — lower 48 ↗NPS state geological maps — all 50 states ↗MSA Handbook of Mineralogy — global species index ↗

Descriptions are orientation aids, not lab identifications. Never taste unknown specimens, breathe dust or damage a specimen to test it.